Urinary tract infection (UTI)

An educational overview of urinary tract infections, common infections of the bladder, urethra, or kidneys that often cause burning and a frequent need to pass urine.

Infectious DiseaseFamily MedicineNephrologyFull article

Also known as: bladder infection, water infection, urinary tract infection, UTI

Educational information only. This explains health information to discuss with a qualified clinician; it is not a diagnosis, prescription, or treatment. Medical Information & Safety.

Overview

Educational academic overview: UTIs are usually bacterial (commonly E. coli); upper-tract involvement (pyelonephritis) is more serious. Study material only.

Symptoms

burning or pain when passing urine
needing to urinate more often
cloudy or strong-smelling urine
lower tummy discomfort

Causes

bacteria entering the urinary system

Risk factors

being assigned female
certain activities and conditions
urinary catheters

Prevention

staying hydrated and good hygiene as advised
following clinician guidance for recurrent infections

Emergency warning signs

fever with back or side pain
vomiting with urinary symptoms
confusion in older adults

Evaluation & tests

Educational note: clinicians may use a urine test to assess a UTI. This library does not diagnose.

Treatment education

Educational overview: care is individualized by clinicians. This library does not prescribe.

Self-care

General education: drinking fluids may help mild symptoms; seek care if symptoms persist or worsen.

When to seek care

Seek care for burning urine with fever, back pain, or symptoms that do not settle.