Overview
Educational academic overview: anemia is defined by reduced haemoglobin concentration; causes are grouped by production, loss, and destruction of red cells. Study material only.
Symptoms
- tiredness and lack of energy
- shortness of breath
- pale skin
- fast or irregular heartbeat
Causes
- too little iron, vitamin B12, or folate
- blood loss, including from heavy periods
- some long-term conditions affecting red-cell production
Risk factors
- diets low in iron or certain vitamins
- pregnancy
- chronic conditions or ongoing blood loss
Prevention
- a balanced diet with iron- and vitamin-rich foods
- following clinician guidance for known risk factors
Emergency warning signs
- chest pain
- severe shortness of breath
- fainting
Evaluation & tests
Educational note: qualified clinicians assess anemia with a full blood count and related tests. This library does not diagnose.
Treatment education
Educational overview: care depends on the cause and is individualized by clinicians. This library does not prescribe.
Self-care
General education: eating iron- and vitamin-rich foods and attending review appointments can support red-cell health when advised by a clinician.
When to seek care
Seek professional care for ongoing tiredness, breathlessness, or paleness.